A New Generation John F Kennedy is about President John F Kennedy Essay

The book John F. Kennedy and a New Generation is written by David Burner and published by Little Brown, Boston in 1988. David Burner is a Professor in the Department of History in State University of New York. Professor Burner research interest includes social history of US. He is currently working on a project with patty Limerick about colonialist women. His other publications include â€Å"A History of Democratic Party (1970), A History of Presidential Elections (2002), Reading from Settlement to reconstruction (1998) and Making Peace with the 60s (1997). His book A New Generation John F Kennedy is about President John F Kennedy admiration that can be seen throughout the book. Even though critics have mentioned many shortcomings about Kennedy, Burner instead focuses on Kennedy leadership and his accomplishments throughout his life. Burner mentions that Kennedy appealed to various segment of public for his style, looks and accomplishments that formed the basis of his support. For example he won the support of Jews, Asians and Hispanic and other blue-collar democrats giving them a promise of American dream as he himself had immigrant background. Burner explores the controversies including success and failures of Kennedy life and how it shaped American consciousness. He provides deeper discussion of Kennedy both as an individual and as a leader allowing readers to examine the changes that shaped the American political system during 1950s and 1960s, and how Kennedy created a greater hope for every American. The author mentions several events and incidents from the time and how Kennedy was influential changing the course of history. For example the Cuban missile crisis tested the leadership of president leadership when Kennedy threatened the use of nuclear arms in the wake of Cuban Mission crisis in 1962. The naval blockade ordered by Kennedy proved successful and the negotiation with Russia ended peacefully. Another incident Burner mentions is the turbulent end of state sponsored racial discrimination, which Kennedy brought to an end by supporting racial integration and civil rights movement. Kennedy was also eager to see US leader of the space race. It was JFK speech in Rice University in September 1962 where he mentioned, â€Å"No nation can expect to be the leader of the other nations. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do other things not because they are easy, but because they are hard†. Kennedy approached Khrushchev for cost sharing the technology. Kennedy approved a huge sum of $22 billion to launch American Space Project and Apollo goal was finally realized when Neil Armstrong became the first American to land on moon. Bruner discuss the charm of Kennedy and his wife who were more popular than pop stars and movie stars. One main reason was their good looks and charm that was often photographed by magazines and set the changing fashion trend. Kennedy’s even changes the White House environment from a bleak house to lively and house of mirth and joy. They believed that White House should be place of American History, arts and culture. They invited various artists, writers, and scientists including noble laureate which made White House a livelier place. Despite all the good points which burner has mentioned, the book ignores the bed sheet and fashion stories were associated with Kennedy. Kennedy is well known for his history of extra marital affairs including involvement with Marilyn Monroe do not suit a sitting president. Burner did not talk about these issues, even though it has no thing to do with his professional life, yet such incidents were part of Kennedy should have been discussed. Burner has mentioned on several occasions the influence of Kennedy in the domestic and international affairs including the civil rights; however the view of Burner is more of only glorification of the Kennedy. Even though Kennedy is the most popular President of the United States; but critics argue that his reputation is overrated. He was young and charming; but he was unable to achieve any thing major in his lifetime. Kennedy popularity is based on optimistic beginnings on various domestic and international issues. Critics mention that the popular Civil Right Act was envisioned by his brother Robert Kennedy and was signed by President Johnson in 1964 that was Kennedy successor. Kennedy did not disclose the severity of his health condition. He was believed to have Addison disease that is tantamount of failure of professional integrity. He is considered to be the unhealthiest man to sit in the oval office. While other the Addison disease he was also suffering from an extreme backache from childhood added with various kinds of infections. There is also criticism about his domestic politics that Burner has ignored in his book. For example Kennedy tried to appease Southern Democrats by stocking the lower federal bench with segregationists who did not live up to the mark he was advocating. It is believed that by making attorney general he tried to form a political dynasty that the Founding Father did not advocate. However Vietnam is considered his greatest mistake, where during his time US intervention in Vietnam increased and Kennedy authorized a coup absent the Diem; while dictator general overtook the power which further aggravated the situation in Vietnam.. Even though it was in fact Johnson who made his own mistakes by over involving and bombing the Vietnamese excessively, but the game was started by Kennedy and it was not easy to backup. The people who supported war become protestor calling the American administration immoral. Even though Kennedy assignation fueled the Vietnam cause as his untimely death became martyrdom, but Vietnam was blunder that cost US a lot in time money and human life. Had Kennedy not intervened in the Vietnam there would have no loss of time, money and American lives in an unethical war that continued for decades without any outcome. In the case of Cuban Missiles Crisis, it is mentioned that Kennedy went too far and the world was standing at the brink of a nuclear war due Kennedy antagonism. Had the Russian not backed off, there was every possibility of end of the world. For his supporters he his aggressiveness increased US role in international affairs, but for his opponents it was not sane for president to resort to Nuclear weapons as a last choice. Kennedy critics often label him as youthful charmer with little substance especially by conservatives. And it is often done to minimize his efforts about Civil Rights and international affairs, but the truth is Kennedy was a man of vision. He initiated many new debates in American Society that was unthinkable in his time. Even though most his policies were achieved by his successors; as he was not able to see his vision fulfilled due to his untimely death, the credit still goes to him. Had he not been able to think ahead of time; many things would have been delayed. For example his plan for landing a man on moon was mega project, which took place ahead of the decade. The landing on moon not only increased US prestige in the world, but it also boosted US military technology and power that continues till today. The Vietnam War was mistake but the same mistake can be seen today in the case of Iraq War. The people who initially supported Iraq War now are chanting against the current administration; there are always opposite views regarding any issue. Kennedy advocated the Civil Right Movement at a time when country was divided; and there was division among his own members, but he took the stance and even called the Martin Luther Jr wife to show his affiliation for a just cause. Though Johnson signed the bill, but it was Kennedy who took a step ahead in a difficult time for which he is worth praise. The book is good for people who have no knowledge of Kennedy as a President; however Burner has not justified his role as writer by discussing his dark side that could have made Kennedy more of a man rather a mythical figure. Reference David Burner, (1988). John F. Kennedy and a new generation. Boston: Little, Brown Robert l Bartley, (February 26, 2001). Coolidge deserves more praise. Retrieved July 8, 2006, Web site: http://www. opinionjournal. com/columnists/rbartley/? id=85000640 SUNY SB Department of History -Faculty Page- David Burner. Retrieved July 8, 2006, Web site: www. sunysb. edu/history/faculty Stephen G. Rabe, (2000). John F. Kennedy and Cuba, November 1962 to November 1963. Presidential Studies Quarterly. 30,

Cari’s Story Essay

An infection in Cari’s nasal passage and pharynx can spread to her sinuses because her sinuses open into the nasal cavity and the throat. The cough reflex makes a coughing response to the larynx, pharynx, and the trachea-bronchial tree. Cari’s respiratory system is clearing her lungs the cilia moving the mucus from the lungs and it starts the cough reflex sending mucus to the pharynx therefore you are able to swallow it or spit it out. The structure found in the terminal bronicoles and alveoli that would normally protect Cari’s lungs from infectious pathogens are called macrophages. The mucous in the lungs would raise the resistance in her air way because the small opening, the buildup would cause. Fluid would have some alveoli drown where they could not function and would buildup friction or rubbing. Cari’s compliance would increase because of the loss of volume reduces total lung compliance and cause it to work harder. The fluid would lower her total lun g capacity by not letting the space by not allowing it to be filled with air. The elevation cause her respiratory rate to alter her ventilation by the volume is total volume of air taken in and out each minute. Cari blood gases would show too much oxygen. The symptoms of panting like a dog and my chest hurts are what make me think she is low in oxygen. The oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin is affected by POC 2 and alkaline blood gases are down and the breathing has delivered more oxygen is released from blood and caused more oxygen to be used. The administration of oxygen would help her to breath. The anatomical structures in her respiratory system involved are the lungs and the alveoli. Cari was plagued with a chronic cough due to excessive mucus produced that doesn’t clear. The damaging effects of tobacco smoke because Cari respiratory system to be impaired is nicotine’, nicotine make the bronchioles smaller and decreases.

Why Do I Want to Teach

I was born and raised in the Bronx, New York. I attended NYC Public School 77, JHS 127 & Alfred E Smith Technical & Vocational HS. The Glee Club under the direction of Edna Floyd was my first step in to the world of music. It was in elementary school, that I received valuable training in singing as well as music theory and history. I marched in the drum line as a member of the New York Lancers Jr. Drum & Bugle Corps based in the Bronx where many of my instructors where themselves, public school educators. After 3 years with the Lancers, I decided to Audition for the Garfield Cadets, a drum corps from Garfield, NJ. Garfield competed on a national level where the competition level was very high. We captured the world championship title four out of six years as a marching member and one of two years as an instructor. We won the best percussion trophy twice scoring a perfect score for one of the wins. It was at Garfield where I began to develop very valuable teaching skills under the direction and guidance of some of the best educators in the activity. I have taught many young people in various places of different ages, races and economic position. Young people want to be challenged and they love to develop skills they never knew they had. Most of all, they love to play music. The benefits conveyed by music education can be grouped in four categories: * Success in society * Success in school * Success in developing intelligence * Success in life I can teach & train your percussion ensemble if one already exist, or we can start one up, either way the students get great training and information but most of all we have fun. We can have the group training culminate with a recital where the musicians get to perform live. Students learn a combination of marching and hand percussion techniques. It’s fun for those looking for a musical outlet as well as those who desire to study music in college. I believe that music education is a very important element to the development of a young mind. Scientific evidence proves that an education in the arts makes for better math and science students and enhances spatial intelligence.

Prostitution and Surrogacy, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Prostitution and Surrogacy, - Essay Example The role of religion in surrogate motherhood is best typified by the biblical scenario where barren Sarah (Abraham wife) arranged for Abraham and Hagar (Surrogate mother) to have a child. The surrogate role Hagar played made her proud and pompous to the extent of refusing to hand over the son she had born. Christian apologetic portend that "surrogacy is a personal decision between a couple and God. That God is the moral Arbiter in the universe, whose justification is exactly differentiated on what is immoral or moral". This factor afore mentioned deals with morality, enshrined in ones religion beliefs. The Vatican has condemned surrogacy including all other non conjugal reproductive arrangements as sinful. The Roman Catholic Church states that, this in defense of cardinal human values; implying the threat on the sanctity of the traditional family unit posed by a third party. The financing of a surrogacy to process is quite costly. However the factor that is debatable is the payment of dues to the gestational individuals. That from the onset one may pay to sleep (and sire a child) with a surrogate bring in the version of prostitution. The motive behind the payment made and accepted questions the ultimate goal. Whether it is for love or money The couple and the surrogate are encouraged to share information, to undergo successive therapies and medical checks. The unsettling factor is the probable loss of privacy. The exposure of ones personal details may leave one feeling uncomfortable and vulnerable. Pregnancy has its possible outcomes at birth in the form of miscarriages, multiple births, and serious disabilities. And there is always the risk that either the surrogate mother or the commissioning couple could have a change of mind. The legality of surrogacy Legislation is a measure with regulatory limits that has served in defining extents of surrogate motherhood. The law lacks uniformity in the application of the practice; however different federal jurisdictions distinguish between the concept of unpaid and unpaid surrogacy. The "altruistic" mode of surrogacy involves no payment for the service. On the other hand "commercial" surrogacy has the element of tribute payment. Altruistic surrogacy is, in many jurisdictions, unregulated. On the other hand punitive limits are placed on the commercial one. Advertising of surrogacy is prohibited, to reduce spread of practice. Surrogate contracts are unenforceable; hence surrogate mothers cannot relinquish custody of child to commissioning parents. The status of children Act, denies the bond between child and commissioning sperm donor while espousing the resulting offspring to be that of the surrogate mother and her husband (as legally bound). Successive lawmakers questioned talked of undesirable separation of roles, with a mother who sells her eggs, on who carries baby to term and the one to raise baby. Also most surrogate parents / couples were noted to be in search of specific quality refusing to accept disabled kids. Classic profiles are noted as driving point, with commissioning couples seeking positive eugenics. Surrogates are chosen due to the positive attributes the offer

Marketing research proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing research proposal - Essay Example Consumer satisfaction is generally defined as the consumer's view of services received and the results of the treatment. It has been used by program evaluators to enhance health care providers' ability to render services that meet consumers' needs (Sheppard, 1993). However, important methodological concerns have limited the value of consumer satisfaction assessments (Elbeck, 1992). For instance, most satisfaction instruments are simple ad hoc measures. They fail to address satisfaction at any level of specificity, i.e., in terms of particular service recipient groups, treatments, or types of facilities (Lebow, 1983-i).They also do not focus of consumer/patient dissatisfaction. There structure is generally based on issues which health care staff or satisfaction assessors feel are important, rather than on issues that do actually form the major areas of consumer discontent. They generally fail to take into account the relative (weighted) importance of such concerns. In our research sch eme such concerns would be controlled by collecting data on consumer dissatisfaction at least on 3-4 parameters. The term "consumer satisfaction" in health care assessment has been taken in a broad and narrow and narrow sense. Studies using broad definition use general measures like self-perception of changes that have brought about improvements, type of grievances registered, complaints, appreciation treatments, questionnaires assessing suggestions for potential improvements, and specific probes into what is found to be either useful,supefluous or even bad. Studies based on a narrow definition are "...all inquiries into both the felt adequacy of treatment and of surrounding milieu: specific aspects may include reactions to the quality of care, to its helpfulness, its cost and continuity, the availability and accessibility of the practitioner, and the reaction to supporting services" (Lebow, 1983-ii). The research scheme being suggested below would have a mix of broad and narrow concerns. Research methodsResearch methods normally concern the ways by which research objectives are sought to be probed and approached. Any probe is normally dependent upon the data collected from the investigated site(s). In the present scheme measurement of consumer satisfaction is the primary object and primary investigation site is the Gwynedd Hospital. After having delineated important activities which matter to customers, following data collection techniques would be utilized to collect both quantitative and qualitative data: (a) Face to face interview with

The Great Depression and Government Response Research Paper

The Great Depression and Government Response - Research Paper Example Despite the fact that the depression had taken its roots in the United States, it rapidly spread to other industrialized countries across the globe and had a devastating effect on output and employment levels. The cultural and social effects of the great depression were also profound, requiring an immediate response from the governments to adopt various expansionary macroeconomic policies. Research proves that in the US, the great depression ranks as the second greatest crisis after the civil war. Regardless of the fact that the causes of the depression still remains controversial, a combination of such factors such as poorly regulated markets, consumer debt and the shortage of high growth industries created a recessionary business environment, leading to low investment confidence, reduced spending and a high level of uncertainty. What is important to understand here is how and why the Great Depression is credited with the evolution and development of macro-economics as a distinct fi eld. It is felt by many scholars that it is the Great Depression that gave birth to macroeconomics as a separate and distinct field(Hamilton, 1992). To some extent it is thought by many that to this day, the Great Depression continues to influence the beliefs and policy recommendations of macroeconomists. It would not be incorrect to say that many of the contemporary systems of regulating banks and the Wall Street have been developed keeping the lesson learnt from the Great Depression in mind. In fact, macroeconomics gained attention after the Great Depression since it helped highlight all the main flaws that occurred in applying theories of microeconomics to the economy. According to the micro economists, the high level of unemployment that followed the Great Depression should have been regulated by Adam Smith’s â€Å"invisible hand†. According to this theory, workers should have revised their expectations of their wages downwards to the extent where firms would be wi lling to hire more people. However, what actually ended up happening was that because of the poverty and unemployment, demand for products dropped and so firms did not require additional workers. Moreover, since the workers were not willing to accept considerably lower wages for the same jobs as before, the wage rates were prevented from lowering to a more appropriate level. CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION The causes of the Great Depression are still subject to debate and argument by various economists. One school of thought is that the onslaught was demand-driven, that is, the aggregate demand declined. However, many economists believe that the tight monetary policy of the US government, which was aimed at limiting the stock market speculations, played a major role in the occurrence of the depression. The 1920s did not witness any exceptional boom. The prices remained constant except the stock prices which rose fourfold from exceptionally low in 1921 to extremely high in 1929. In th e last two years of the decade the Federal Reserve had to resort to increasing interest rates in the hopes of slowing down this boom. The higher rates depressed the spending on interest-sensitive areas like automobile and construction. Towards the end of 1929, the stock prices had reached unprecedented heights (Kindleberger,

EBay Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

EBay - Coursework Example Sellers are also able to list any of their products though they have to observe the rules and policies of the company (Nagle & Holden 2002, p. 84). EBay’s fee structure is in such a way that it improved the profitability of the online sales. The fee structure could be improved as the company uses value based pricing and therefore once the value is increased the price could also be increased (Philip & Gary 2010, p. 293). As eBay earns money through the collection of fees, the fee structure could be in a way that for the first $25 the value should move from 8.75 percent to 10 percent and for the remaining it should be improved to 5 percent. This increase should however go hand in hand with the improvement of the value of selling and finding products from the internet. Once this is effective, buyers will be willing to pay for any amount as long as their services are effectively conducted (Kent 2003, p. 41). EBay should continue using a price strategy that attracts the high-volume sellers and discourages sellers with low prices products. This method has been effective and has increased demand of using the eBay online services is influenced by price inelasticity. Carolin (2001, p. 16) describes that the continued growth will come from improved efficiency such as improved services, investments and partnerships. The developed social sites could also help eBay in getting new customers and new ways

A global look at quality managemenr in universities Research Paper

A global look at quality managemenr in universities - Research Paper Example Universities across the world have been positing themselves as â€Å"world-class† in view of the market opportunities presented by globalization (Xavier and Alsagoff, 2013). In a global scenario, quality and perception of quality of a university is defined and determined by many internal as well as external mechanisms. In this context, quality of education has become a decisive factor while determining the management strategy for any university (Dobrzanski and Roszak, 2007, p.223). Xavier and Alsagoff (2013) have observed how universities present themselves as â€Å"world-class† to the global markets through many strategies, thereby attracting students from all over the world. Any examination of the quality of universities in global context will have to start with addressing the questions, what is defined by quality, and whether there are global standards of quality in education (Paradeise and Thoenig, 2013, p.189). Quality in the context of university education is ofte n defined as: Expression of significant range of educational effectiveness and reflection of a new approach in which need of systematic evaluation of undertaken activities is taking essential meaning including improvement and making endeavors towards accreditation which aim to confirm that all the standards of educational effectiveness are provided† (Dobrzanski and Roszak, 2007, p.223-4). Quality of university education can also be defined in terms of financial effectiveness, academic standards, and public usefulness as well (Dobrzanski and Roszak, 2007, p.224). ... This is an approach that ensures participation, plans long-term, aims at â€Å"customer satisfaction†, and brings benefits to all the academic and social stakeholders (Becket and Brookes, n.d., p.43). Fotopoulos and Psomas (2008) have studied TQM in the context of Greece and observed that any TQM model must have a â€Å"soft† and â€Å"hard† side, the â€Å"soft† side being a plan to address long term issues and related to â€Å"leadership, employee empowerment and culture† (p.151). The â€Å"hard† side on the other hand refers to â€Å"quality improvement tools and techniques† (Fotopoulos and Psomas, 2008, p.151). It is pointed out by Fotopoulos and Psomas (2008) that â€Å"there is no unique model for a good TQM programme and TQM is a network of interdependent elements, namely, critical factors, practices, techniques and tools† (Fotopoulos and Psomas, 2008, p.151). Yet, there have been a number of â€Å"TQM elements† id entified through various research projects and they are, leadership, strategic quality planning, employee management and involvement, supplier management, customer focus, process management, continuous improvement, information and analysis, knowledge and education, and TQM tools such as â€Å"flow charts, relations diagram, scatter diagram, control charts, pareto analysis, quality function deployment, design of experiments and so on† (Fotopoulos and Psomas, 2008, p.152-3). There are widely accepted quality frame works for universities other than TQM such as European Framework for Quality Management (EFQM) and SERVQUAL that approaches the issue from the customers' â€Å"perspective† (Becket and Brookes, n.d., p.43). The dynamics of the process of attaining

Portable X-ray fluorescence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Portable X-ray fluorescence - Research Paper Example ng solutions in the presence of several additive ions by portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) revealing an optimum potassium gold cyanide concentration of 2 - 3 g/L for maximum cathode efficiency. Further, there is exploration of utility of XRF to determine the thickness of gold plated on copper substrates up to 6 microns. For the second experiment, the objectives were to determine the detection limits, accuracy, repeatability and efficiency of a X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (Niton XRF analyzer) in comparison with the traditional analytical methods, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Further, the experiment also involved applying inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-MS) in screening of major and trace elements of environmental samples including estuary soils and sediments, contaminated soils, and biological samples. For the third experiment the major objective was to compare lead concentrations in surface peat samples from the South Pennines (UK) derived using (a) X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is a core aspect in analysis especially in the field of science and industry application. The concept of XRF lies on the principle that individual atoms, wherever excited as a result of contact with an external energy source, ends up emitting X-ray photons characterized by a a wavelength or energy. In which case, on this basis one can define the identity and quantification of an element present therein by simply counting the number of photons contained in energy from the given sample. Henry Moseley coined the technique, after being led by a discovery of X-ray tube that he applied in bombarding samples containing high energy electrons. Intuitively, Henry ended up with a mathematical relationship that could related the atomic number to the element’s emitted X-ray frequency. The years were followed by eventual development of the instrument leading to a modern XRF instrument that is reliable for analysis

Culture Walk Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Culture Walk - Assignment Example Faustian the term implies a situation where the person is very ambitious in his life and wants to achieve success in life. However, improvements in technology has made people to be in a rat race as they are always in a hurry to gain more power and position and achieve success in life as early as possible. Therefore, to meet with the growing competition and culture people sometime give up their moral integrity just to win the race of life. With concern to the cultural walk regarding the different phases of life it is observed that since the beginning of life individuals always wants to know the purpose of their existence. The realities of life that is birth, death are not known to anybody and therefore people search for the reason behind their life. People often find themselves in a situation where they may think that what will happen and where will they go after life ends. This made the people thing that whether they will return to earth if they die. As we are moving with the improve ment in technology, people from all the walks of life following different cultures are more willing to know about their future existence on this planet. People are always with the problem of identifying their purpose of life. The universe, the life on earth and mankind all are the gift of god and nature and so are to be judged equally as believed by individual. Moreover, people from different cultural background have varied views towards life and the perception of individuals has also changed due to technology. People are no more close to the nature hence affecting their walk of life. With regard to this aspect of life it can be depicted that life has become more materialistic and happiness are no more grounded with nature. Kirkpatrick Sale mainly focuses on the technology and the various challenges people are facing due to the improvements in the technology. The Rebel against future takes us back to the period of 1811 when people were feared of Luddite rebellion. The

Enterprise Technologies and the Value Chain Research Paper

Enterprise Technologies and the Value Chain - Research Paper Example As the paper stresses mobile business refers to electronic business transactions enabled, in part, by mobile technology targeting both consumers and businesses. Mobile business includes mobile commerce activities that represent mobile technology enabled transactions. Mobile technologies that support mobile businesses are grouped as networks and devices. Mobile devices can range from GPS and RFID chips to tablets and barcode scanners. Mobile networks include RFID, Bluetooth, GPS and mobile telecommunication networks. These are utilized, by organizations, to offer customization and flexibility. Unlike e-commerce, M-business offers value via enabling users to be reachable anytime and be mobile. According to the discussion findings value creation can occur via support to mobile users (employees) or mobile activities such as tracking supplies and raw materials. An industry trend that is growing is Fixed Mobile Convergence where centralized infrastructure and management support a mobile workforce that provides access to business applications from all locations and network connections. The greater the mobile workforce size in an organization, the higher the value proposition for mobile business in the organization. Three components are vital in the value proposition of mobile business for an organization; relevant actors, mobile technology’s unique attributes, and activities supported.

Typography and Religious Health Care Essay Example for Free

Typography and Religious Health Care Essay The word â€Å"Abstract† should appear centered on the initial line of the page following the title page. Include the word â€Å"Abstract† without bold print, underlines, quotation marks, or italics. Double-space the abstract. Do not indent. On the line following the title, include a summary of the key points of the document. The abstract should appear as a single paragraph. The abstract should be between 150 and 250 words. Title of Your Paper Describe the five (5) important elements of the governing board’ s agenda for areas of improvement in core functions. Many organizations now use a balanced scorecard or multiple dimensions of performance measurement, such as productivity, profit, market trends, quality, patient satisfaction, and worker satisfaction. Describe three (3) key performance dimensions (other than those mentioned here) and include specific measures that Religious Health Care could use to improve overall institutional performance. Determine the performance measures Religious Health Care could use to evaluate nursing staff performance in its Emergency Room. Explain the rationale for each performance measure. Suggest the steps that should be taken next by Religious Health Care to get better at managing specific patient groups. Explain the rationale for each step. Decide what strategies Religious Health Care could implement to enhance its public image and increase market share. Explain the rationale for each strategy. Describe two (2) technology-based data-collection strategies that Religious Health Care could use to conduct an internal management audit. Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources.

Energy Conservation In Commercial Hostel Engineering Essay

Energy Conservation In Commercial Hostel Engineering Essay Electrical energy is the most expensive and the most important form of purchased energy. The subject of energy conservation is a concern for most energy users particularly industries, commercial buildings and residential buildings. Energy Conservation becomes even more important for the developing countries, where the rising energy costs and the use of efficient energy apparatus are of significant concern to the utility. Today, energy and environment are two areas that have sought the greatest attention at the international level. With the issue of global environment, becoming important as never before, Energy particularly its conservation in industry and commercial building has become main target for all the parts of world that has to be achieved as soon as possible. In this paper, the application of the Energy conservation techniques by which electrical energy can be saved and made cost efficient for commercial (hostel) building perspective is presented. The selection of a commerci al (hostel) building was done because electrical energy constitutes only a major amount of the overall energy used. A complete energy conservation guideline is recommended. Electrical energy management approach for tariff control, power factor control, motor schedule control and lighting is outlined. Recorder data of energy consumption of a building service system are used to diagnose the weak points of the building energy usage system and then a detailed energy audit study are presented. Key Words: Energy audit, Energy Conservation, tariff control, motor scheduling 1. INTRODUCTION Electrical energy is the most common and widely used type of energy in the world. It is the most expensive and most important form of purchased energy. For this reason its use must be confined to a minimum for efficient operation. Because of its great flexibility, it offers many advantages over other energy and by doing the efforts to conserve energy can result in significant cost saving. In India, Commercial buildings use large amount of energy that is why, it is important to ensure a loss free and energy efficient system in buildings. In the developing countries where electrical energy resources are scarce and production of electricity is very costly, energy conservation study are of great importance. India is an important stage of rapid development and it has relatively shortage of energy resources. The gap between the power generation and required demand is increasing continuously. Reducing the gap in the generation side is very difficult and more expensive process. The cost of e lectrical energy will be increased due to the installation of new generating plant because of limited energy resources, scarcity of capital and high interest costs. The important way to reduce the gap between demand and supply is energy conservation. Energy conservation is necessary to reduce the increasing global warming. Individuals and organizations should conserve energy in order to decrease the energy costs and increase the economic security. The following two objectives are considered when discussing electrical energy conservation: Energy saving i.e. kWh saving Energy cost saving i.e. money saving 2. LITERTURE REVIEWS Frank kreith, D.Yogi Goswami (2008), have declared that energy is the important factor for production, along with labour, capital, and materials. Energy conservation denotes doing without, maybe giving up facilities to save energy. Due to products diversity and the manufacturing process requirement, the efficient utilization of energy varies with specific industrial operations. The organization of personnel and operations, concerned also varied. Consequently, each company should modify the effective energy management program for its plant operations. There are some universal guidelines, however, for initiating and implementing an energy management program. Many of the large companies have already used energy management programs and also they have realized substantial savings in fuel and electric costs. But in small industries, due to lacking of technical persons and equipment to implement the energy management program is difficult. In these environments, reliance on external consultants may be appropriate to initiate the program. But for successful operation internal is very essential. A well planned, organized, and executed energy Management program requires a strong commitment by top management [8]. Wood.G, Newborough.M (2007), have proposed that the suggestion for motivating energy saving behaviors [9]. Dimoudi.A, Kostarela.P (2009), have shown the energy consumption of Institutional buildings, due to their high number in the country, contribute to a considerable overall amount of energy consumption in public buildings that results in an increase of the expenses paid by the national budget. Thus, investigation of alternative solutions for the reduction of energy consumption in Institutional buildings is advisable and necessary. On the other hand, the pedagogic role of Institutional buildings needs the proper regulation of the parameters that influence the internal conditions in classes, as lack of thermal comfort and air quality conditions reduce the learning ability of pupils. Thus, an energy proficient strategy in school buildings has a dual purpose: energy conservation and enhanced indoor conditions in classrooms. Air quality studies performed at institutional buildings revealed that many of them have serious indoor air quality problems, while improvement of indoor Conditions are associated with considerable reduction in energy consumption and a global environmental quality. Improvement in thermal insulation decreases energy consumption, with the Case of insulation at the support frame having the highest benefits, resulting a reduction in energy consumption by 13.34%. Increase in the thickness of the wall insulation decreases the heating requirements and thus, reduces energy consumption up to 5.58%, a solution that is recommended for new and old no insulated buildings [10] . Guozhong Zheng, Y Ouyin Jing, Hongxia Huang, Guohua Shi, Xutao Zhang (2010), have shown that globally one-third of energy consumption is consumed by building sector. In energy conservation assessment, energy conservation star rating is established and used in the assessment. The objective of building conservation assessment is to establish and limit the maximum energy consumption in buildings and to encourage the utilization of renewable energy and new energy technologies and products [11]. 3. ENERGY AUDIT CONSERVATION As per the Energy Conservation Act 2001, Energy Audit is defined as The verification, monitoring and analysis of use of energy including submission of technical report containing recommendations for improving energy efficiency with cost benefit analysis and an action plan to reduce energy consumption . Energy Audit will help us to identifying the areas where energy wastage can occur and where scopes for improvement exist. To test electrical systems and identify conservation opportunities, the following steps must be carried out: Form Energy Survey team Carry out Preliminary Energy Survey Carry out Detailed Energy Survey The energy survey is the first step in collecting all the relevant data and after which the conservation techniques are to be applied. Data must be obtained for each type of energy used. Also the actual measurements of the various energy devices such as motors, lighting system and ceiling fan etc should be included as part of the energy survey. The energy survey team has the task to explore the potential areas of energy conservation based on the findings of the survey. This could involve energy management with motors, lighting system, tariff control and power factor management, the use of energy efficient devices, the possibility of cogeneration and the use of technical awareness and motivation programs for the industry personnel. How best to manage our energy consumption? We have four steps to manage best energy consumption in any organisation. These are listed as follows: Metering your energy consumption and collecting data Finding opportunities to save energy, and estimating how much energy each opportunity could save Tacking action to target the opportunities to save energy (i.e. tackling the routine waste and replacing or upgrading the inefficient equipment). Typically youd start with the best first Tracking your progress by analyzing your meter data to see how well your energy saving effort work The above four step process applies either way, its entirely up to you whether you consider you consider energy saving measures that involves buying new equipment or upgrading building fabric. In energy audit process we need to collect statistical data and finding the opportunities to save energy. But just finding the opportunities to save energy wont help us to save energy. We have to take action to target them. 3. ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONSERVATION FOR A HOSTEL BUILDING Background: In India, there are many institutes which have the hostel facilities. My institute is one of the best institutes in Haryana state. It has 10 hostels. In this paper energy conservation of one hostel is presented. By similar manner we do energy conservation of other hostel. This hostel was open for student use in 2002. 4. ANALYSIS AND METHODLOGY The objective here is to study and analyze the use of Electrical energy in the hostel building so as to; Determine the energy inputs to the various stages in the process carried out in the industry, thereby arriving at the energy content of the major products, and in particular identifying the process stages for which the largest amount of energy are needed. Decide where the most significant energy savings are possible, quantifying such savings and the cost of achieving them. Assist the industry administration in making recommendations on energy savings and in its policy and plans for energy conservation. A: Reduce fixed charges in Electricity Bill. To analyze the utility electricity bill, the tariff structure was studied. The tariff structure in Haryana state consists of the following charges: Energy (kWh) charges (varies as consumption increases) Fixed charges depend upon maximum demand Fuel adjustment charges (consumption dependant) B: REPLACE INEFFICIENT MOTORS WITH ENERGY EFFICIENT MOTOR AND CHANGE OPERATION SCHEDULE The average operating efficiency of the motor was very low and thus need to replace them with the energy efficient motors could improve energy savings significantly. The energy cost savings by replacing an old motor with an energy efficient motor is given by the following formula S = P*L*C*T (100B 100/A) Where S = Annual savings ($/year) P = kW rating of motor B (old inefficient) =15 kW C = Average Electricity cost ($/kWh) L = load factor (avg) =.80 T = running time (hour year) A = Efficiency of motor A (New EEM) B = Efficiency of motor B (Old inefficient) The efficiency of old motor was 75% and efficiency of new motor is 90%. The motor operate in a day is 7-8 hr. Then total operating period in a year is 2800hr. Total cost saving: Using above formula, the total cost saving is R 26133.33 Total investment cost: The total price of new Energy Efficient motors of the rating given above was to be found to be R 24000. The payback period and return on investment is 11.02 month. Operating schedule suggestion: Motor operate mostly in peak period so operation cost is high. We need to operate in off period it reduce the operation cost. C: Change lighting system. The existing lighting scheme at the hostel building was studied carefully and measurements were taken for each light levels and fixture ratings. A new scheme with consideration to maintain or enhance the existing lighting levels and reduce the kW rating was presented. The existing system of incandescent and mercury lighting was found to be consuming extra energy at the expense of lighting level. It was suggested to increase the light level while at the same time reduce the overall energy consumption. Existing system Proposed system Saving in kWh Incandescent 300 fixtures 100 watt each 1100hr/year Florescent 300 fixture 20 watt each hr/year Calculations: Kilowatt saving: This is calculated by the formula given by = (No. of fixture) [(present input watts/fixture)-(proposed input watt/fixture)] =watt/1000=KW KWh saving: This is calculated by the formula given by = (KW saving)*(annual operating hour) =kWh/year Power Factor Improvement Findings: The average power factor of the hostel varies between 0.85 and 0.87 since its commencement, which was well above the requirement of the SEB. The average power factor of the industry was 0.86 and the Maximum demand reached has been read as 260 KVA from the Load duration curve. The load level reached above the sanctioned demand of 260 KVA on certain short period of time was not considered for the power factor improvement project. So, at the average power factor, the load in KW was found to be 260* 0.86= 223.6 KW. Recommendations: We decided to improve the power factor to an average value of 0.98. The best locations for the capacitors were identified as i) at the sub-station itself to compensate the base load and ii) at the loads supply side as per the KW capacity, So that only when the load is on, the capacitors will be on. Additional capacitors were required to improve the power factor to 0.98. Benefits: For a load of 223.6 KW, the KVA demand at 0.98 power factor is (223.6/0.98) =228.16 Therefore, saving in KVA is (260 -228.16) =31.83 Annual saving in cost due to KVA reduction= $3.75*31.83*12= $1432.65 Cost on additional capacitors @ $35 per KVAR is $(30* 50) =$1500 Payback period (1500/1432.65)* 12= 12.56 say 13 months. Return on investment 1/13= 7.7% per month. Saving Through Peak Shaving As per the norms of the SEB, the maximum demand charges for any month at the point of supply shall be based on the highest KVA demand recorded during any consecutive thirty minutes in that month or 100% of the sanctioned demand, whichever is higher. In addition, for exceeding the sanctioned maximum demand, the charges per exceeded KVA shall be at double the normal rate (say penalty). Findings: The Maximum Demand during the financial years 1995-1996, 1996-1997, 1997-1998 and 1998-1999 has exceeded the Sanctioned Demand in March and April, due to the early summer peak loads, and the production target initiative at the beginning of the financial year. During the EC project period (1998-1999), the peak demand was found to be 2750 KVA. The industry did not want to apply for increased Sanctioned demand since for the rest of the period of 10 months, the load was well within the Sanctioned demand. It was noticed that the available Diesel generators were used only at the time of power-cut and at grid failure cases. Recommendations: The EC team recommended for the use of one 900 KVA Generator at the time of peak loads during 1998-1999 and to transfer the excess loads to the generator supply so as to avoid the excess KVA penalty charges. If critical loads also contribute to facility peaks, consider shifting these loads to generator power during peak periods. In case, if emergency backup power is needed, the remaining two Diesel Generators shall be put in service even during peak periods. Note: For the present project, the concept of Peak shaving was applied only for the loads exceeding the Sanctioned demand and not for all the loads above the base load. Benefits: Considering the peak demand during March-April of the financial year 1998-1999, i.e., 2750 KVA exceeding the Sanctioned demand by 150 KVA for duration of 3 hours/day: SEB Supply: Maximum demand charges payable to SEB/month $3.75 (2750 +2 *150) = $11 437.5. Energy consumption charges/month for a load of 2750 KVA at 0.92 power factor @ $0.0875/kWh is $159 390. Total charges payable/month is $170827.5. Generator Supply for a Load of 150 KVA: Maximum Demand charges $3.75* 2600= $9750. Energy consumption charges/month for the energy fed by SEB for a load of 2600 KVA at 0.92 power factor @ $0.0875 per kWh $150 696. Energy generated by the generator/month @ 3 hours/day for the peaking load of 150 KVA at 0.92 power factor lagging 150*0.92* 3* 30= 12420 kWh. Considering the capital investment, life time, the load factor, the annual operation and maintenance cost, the labour cost, the depreciation and the diesel fuel cost, the average energy cost for the Diesel generator supply is worked out to be $0.19/ kW-hr. Therefore, energy cost for the generator supply is $0.19*12420= $2359.8 and hence total charges incurred/month for the peak shaving option is $162 805.8. The EC team suggested the Board that more saving in energy cost could have been obtained through Renewable energy sources compared to the Diesel generator supply due to reduced generation cost. Net saving by peak shaving per month is $8021.7 and $96 260.4 for the whole year if peak shaving is applied for the entire 12 months @ 3 hours/day. D: Explore cogeneration feasibility: For the cocking purpose in hostel, we require fuel such as coal or LPG (liquid petroleum gas). If we use coal, it is more carbon intensive than oil or natural gas. It produce large amount of carbon dioxide. So, we uses natural gas i.e. LPG but it is more costly than coal. So, this problem we need to setup a goober gas plant in hostel. The input to the goober gas plant is human waste. The gas produce by the plant is used for cocking purpose. It reduces the fuel cost and carbon dioxide emission. 1) Intake tank 2) Mixture of dunk and water 3) Brick walls 4) Metal cover 5) Valve 6) Used sludge 7) Pipe to kitchen 8) Input pipe 9) Brick wall 10) Ground level CONCLUSIONS The analysis and calculation of electrical energy conservation of the glass sheet industry for a developing country were carried out, even though the amount of the electrical energy used was low (1.77%) compared to the gas energy ( 98.23%) provided to the said industry, remarkable energy cost savings were demonstrated and is accounted for some 49.23% of the total annual industry electricity cost. Adapting and following the electrical energy conservation guidelines are recommended for a developing country glass industry. These recommendations if applied to any similar industry in other developing countries may also lead to very reasonable cost savings. Having listed all the different remedies which should be taken to have electrical energy conservation, the implementation and the application of these recommendations is very crucial in the glass industry of developing countries to reach the desired cost savings. Focus should be directed to the demand side management, and the use advanced electronic programmable switching for achieving the desired savings. Gas heat energy is a potential savings even though its cost is less than fossil oils. A developing country which does not possess these raw materials may face higher energy prices in this sector. Therefore, instead, a complete updating, maintenance and the use of energy efficient equipment may reduce energy costs. The limited capital and investment become an obstacle for applying a comprehensive conservation plan in developing countries. Therefore partial solutions if followed may give pronounce energy cost savings. Generally, in a developing country, capital, raw material and the lack of advanced Technology equipment is of a direct relationship to energy cost savings.

Effect of Technology and Social Media on Conflict

Effect of Technology and Social Media on Conflict Jasmeen Lorna Laurence Sarvapriya Rajamanickam Tan Khang Le Wong Paik Yen Chow Jen Ni Joshua Low Wai Peng INTRODUCTION Interpersonal conflict occurs when an expressed struggle between two or more individuals who perceive incompatible goals, scare resources, and interference from others in achieving their goals. Interpersonal conflict may take place on love relationships, family relationships and friend relationships, also, in the workplace. Nowadays, social network will be one of the reasons that conflict arise especially Facebook. When talking about Facebook, almost everyone around you would know what it is and they do have an account of it. There is no doubt that Facebook have such a convenience function of access to each other easily. People use Facebook to keep up their relationships with friends and others who study, work and live around them. Also, it is to share stories with the people in your life with what you really want them to know. Besides that, people like to post some stuff and always accompanying with the mind that how many likes and comments they would gain on the post in the end. This action represents the satisfaction of agreement that they want to own from others. Through this ‘connect and share function’, there have the misuse of it too. People who misuse Facebook may turn the relationships into crisis between one and others. There is no doubt when the disagreement or dissatisfaction from others on what you have posted on Facebook will lead you to a psychological development; you will feel depressed, angry or frustrated. In order to reduce conflict with others, it depends on how you deal with it associated with what type of conflict style you are in. We have interviewed three people to discuss about the conflict that they have been experienced on Facebook and how they dealt with it. CONTENT Topical Themes A topical theme is the pattern of conflicts that analyses the common topics each interviewee has. The first interviewee, Jarvis had a friendship conflict with one of his classmates. Jarvis uses his victim’s Facebook account for his own jokes; writing a status that is very hurtful about the other person when they forgot to log out. Examples are ‘I am so fat’, ‘OMG my face is so ugly’ and etc. This messages or statuses can be seen by all the victim’s friends and families. It might even lead to punishment or suspension by the victim’s parents if they thought their son or daughter said that. His friends were constantly commenting and teasing him. This bad behaviour leads the other party very angry and unhappy. This attitude involves being self-centred, not caring how others might feel. In his revenge, the victim did the same to Jarvis’s Facebook account writing mean stuff about Jarvis. Both parties fought about the conflict which lead s to a bigger argument. However in the end, the conflict was sorted out by revealing the person who writes those statues in order to avoid any misunderstandings. Both parties understood how it feels to be embarrassed and never to repeat this behaviour again. The second interviewee is a middle aged man named John. John experienced a conflict between his romantic partners. Almost every relationships struggle to overcome trust issues. For married couples, Facebook has become a barrier overcoming trust issues. When some husbands refuse to reveal their account password, their wife would suspect his husband doing unfaithful things behind her back. Those include cheating, dating and ‘romantic conversations’ with other women. This overthinking behaviour will lead to misunderstandings between husbands and wives, in conclusion having a bad impact on their relationships. However for some people, privacy is very important in maintaining relationships. Personal privacy strengthens both parties, results in a more happy and satisfied relationships. For John, it was only a misunderstanding between him and his wife, everything was sorted out and they lived happily. The conflict that the third interviewee faced is similar to the first interviewee. Veronica was also embarrassed by a friend that posted a status using her account. Family members and friends believed the content of her status but it wasn’t true about her. After that, she sent her a private message asking her friend to delete it immediately. But her friends already saw everything, and that did not get her way. Before that her emotions were affected by how people tease and laughed at her, but after that she ignores all the comments and responses. Her friend was also very sorry on what she did; Veronica forgave her act and wish it would not happen again. Escalation of conflict Escalation of conflict is how a conflict develops, from small arguments that lead to bigger arguments. The escalation of conflict for interviewee one is moderate escalation, which move from small fights to slightly bigger arguments. This can be seen where both parties did the same thing to hurt each other. They end up fighting and it became an argument where friends and families are able to see on their Facebook walls. Mean words such as stupid, idiot causes anger and hatred between parties, results in a lengthy argument. From a tiny mistake, to a playful thought then to a huge problem; so before using something that does not belong to ourselves, we have to think of the possible consequences. The escalation of conflict for interviewee two and three is very neutral. There was neither argument nor fights, problems were solved. Emotional responses Facebook is a worldwide known social networking site that has numerous advantages and disadvantages. Through Facebook, one can face both good and bad conflict. By being exposed to conflicts via this medium, a person can gain knowledge on the new types of conflict faced and the ways to manage it wisely without hurting both parties. Emotions are encountered when a person’s feelings and senses are provoked by even the slightest act. When it becomes too personal, we respond differently as our mind and thought changes without us realizing it. This is when we have to learn to control our emotions when we are facing conflicts as the reaction we respond is vital in determining whether the conflict will escalate or dispute. According to all our interviewees, they faced similar types of issues in Facebook where the other parties posted fake status or even commented negatively to them who were the victims. This results in various emotions running through the victims’ mind and they were mad at the moment of the incident as all their friends started to be judgmental towards them without knowing the true stories behind it. All they did was remaining calm and not acting out immediately without thinking twice. The first interviewee managed his conflict by investigating the culprit in the first place. The second interviewee ignored the negative comment that was sent by his friend whereas; the third interviewee confronted the person through sending messages in Facebook to the offender. Our interviewees handled their emotions well during conflict because they realized they were not doing any mistakes and they were in the right track. They were not carried away by behaving hastily where it could escalate th e conflict even worse. Hence, we should learn working with our own emotions by understanding them and practice expressing ourselves in a more accurate mode as it leads to a better conflict resolution and conflict is one major issue that has no end to it where is a lifelong process for us to develop our mental state. Conclusion To sum up, the topical theme of the interviewees that we have been interviewed is mainly about teasing by friends or gets some negative/judgmental comments on Facebook. Sometimes conflict created unconsciously when someone unintentionally making a joke on somebody or commenting on somebody status. This is the main reason of conflict arises. How we going to solve a conflict when conflict occurs? It depends on what conflict systems you are in, for example, avoidant system, collaborative system, and aggressive system. According to all of the interviewees, they have the similarity of escalation of conflict which has neutral escalation of conflict. They just act calm and ignored the negative comments or reveal their true feeling calmly to their friends in private. They are more into avoidant system or collaborative system. Additionally, conflict may also affect our emotion feeling when it’s happen. Refer to what our interviewees said, they will feel crazy at first when someone attack them, then, they will keep calm and think wisely to solve the conflict. Lastly, the consequences will escalate or de-escalate which follow by how they solve it. DISCUSSION Public Nature Facebook is one of the listed companies across the global and it is actually a social network where you use to communicate with each other and to make new friends. But, due to its status as a social networking site, it is wide open and nothing is really private when it comes to social networking because it does not included the privacy that we need. It will somehow affect the relationship between humans when doing something bad such as posting status about people or jealousy towards someone who commented on the person you are close too and so on. From the first interviewee that we have interviewed, the conflict that he encounters is that he wrote status which is sometimes funny or dirty and not to forget using someone’s Facebook account to post unwanted things when they forget to log out. He added that this is a bad behaviour as people may think that the person actually posted a status or things that are related to them that is untrue and will certainly judge them. Eventually, the other person would also start posting status about the other guy who posted those unwanted stuff at his Facebook page and there is where both of them fight and it lead to an argument which can be visible on their Facebook walls. This may affect the friendship between the both parties and possibility of ruining the friendship is high. By resolving the conflict that is going on, he reveals the person who wrote the status using the other person’s Facebook. The 2nd interviewee had seen bad conflicts on Facebook. He mentioned that people like to do negative comment on something they are supporting it and tend to be very harsh and very rude in words when they do not agree on something. For instance, people post a status toward the person they don’t like just to make them feel down. But instead of that, they should meet up and solve in properly. And some of the people at Facebook may flame the person who is already led down in the status which leads to make use of other person status to critic others. Another conflict that involves the husband and wife is the trust issue that is create through Facebook. If husband refused to hand out his password to the wife, the wife will have thought that the husband maybe hiding something from her and it will lead to misunderstanding even though there is nothing wrong, and sometimes when it comes to the worse, it may lead to divorce cases which destroy the marriage relationship because of such small matter. The second interviewee also added saying that somehow, there is people that can strengthen their relationship but as for some of the people who do not know how to manage this kind of conflict; it will lead to a bad ending in the relationship. The 3rd interviewee also encounter conflict where it is something similar with the first interviewee where her friend posted a status about her which is untrue and it was embarrassing for her as everyone who saw it including her family believed in the status. It did impa ct her emotionally but she and friend sat down and talk about it and the friend feel sorry for doing so. Power Play The definition of power which is also applied to all from the physical to the psychics is where â€Å"the ability to create change against the opposition. There are two types of power play which is active or passive. The active power play takes place when we usually get what we want when we presume resistance from another party. Meanwhile on passive power play are the connections we use when we resist the wish of other people. There is two powers that plays in these exchange which is the high power and the low power, high power is mostly the dominant of the conversation in here which have the power to convince people, the force that pushes his or her speech. They can do much more comparing to the low power people as the low power people do not really have the force and authority to fight back which they are lack of self-esteem. So with this, those with high power are likely to conquer and take over. For the dominant side of the conversation, they are holding up with their relational power of communication skills. As mention previously about the three interviewees both have either encounter or seen before conversion in the Facebook was taken over by the high power people as they have the conversational skills, their persuasive ability to persuade others about the untrue stuff mention towards the other person. CONCLUSION For those people who are trying to manage their conflict on Facebook, it is advisable to meet the other party face to face. If they can’t do so, it is important to talk things out in private. By posting your arguments or dissatisfaction about a matter in public will only create more problems. Kindly explain to them what bothers you. Make sure you figure out the main problem or objective. Communication is crucial in solving a conflict. They should talk to the other person about the problem maturely instead of bashing each other on Facebook. They shouldn’t get carried away with momentary misunderstanding. We cannot run away from conflicts on Facebook but we could actually prevent from getting involved in it such as not adding or confirming any unknown friends request and do not upload obscene photos of yours because some people might use it to manipulate you or use it for unrighteous reasons. Since everyone can see whatever you posted on Facebook, you should not post harsh words or anything that will humiliate someone. You may not realise that such status or comment may have great impact to the other party. If you have posted something hurtful, be brave enough to apologize and never repeat it. In business it is common when people try to pull you down, negative comments can hurt us but it is important to ignore those words because it will only demotivate you. Also, when managing conflict, rather than being angry, you should keep calm and analyse the matter wisely before taking any actions. Listen to what the other party have to say and always learn to forgive. Sometimes you may have misunderstood about a matter which isn’t about you at all because we humans are so paranoid about everything. Believe it or not the â€Å"I† statements can actually help to solve conflict better because the other party will see your side of the story without feeling accused or victimized. Put yourself in their place so that you could understand their feelings and point of views. Don’t ruin a friendship or relationship for an unreasonable misunderstanding.

Pros and Cons of MTBE in Gasoline :: Pro Con Essays

Pros and Cons of MTBE in Gasoline MTBE, or methyl tertiary butyl ether, is an oxygenate commonly used in gasoline in America, Europe, and other countries throughout the world. It is a compound created by the chemical reaction of methanol and isobutylene that is added to gasoline because of its high octane level, allowing gasoline to reach the required octane levels and still include a gasoline component. In addition, because it is an oxygenate, MTBE helps gasoline more fully combust, which increases performance and reduces the amount of harmful pollutants such as CO, VOCs, NOx, and particulates released into the atmosphere from automobile exhaust [EFOA]. However, opposition has recently arisen against the use of MTBE in gasoline. Every underground gas tank eventually leaks, and the gasoline is soaked up by the surrounding ground. MTBE is not soluble in water; therefore, when the gasoline leaks out of the tank, the MTBE pollutes the ground water (well water), and eventually the surface water also. In addition, though MTBE reduces the amount of most pollutants released from automobiles, it also produces a harmful pollutant, formaldehyde, when combusted [CECA]. Even worse, a study performed by a medical researcher from the University of Pennsylvania, shows that MTBE may be the cause of a seventeen percent increase in asthma among kindergarten students since it has been utilized in gasoline. The study also shows that MTBE has failed to improve smog levels in the years it has been in use [Jones]. Therefore, is MTBE good or bad? It is still early to give a definite answer, however the banning of MTBE in many states in the US in exchange for its most common alternative, ethanol, shows signs that MTBE is doing more harm than help. To be fair, if more strict legislation were to be passed to force gas stations to maintain leak free tanks, much of MTBE’s pollutant problems would be solved. Pros and Cons of MTBE in Gasoline :: Pro Con Essays Pros and Cons of MTBE in Gasoline MTBE, or methyl tertiary butyl ether, is an oxygenate commonly used in gasoline in America, Europe, and other countries throughout the world. It is a compound created by the chemical reaction of methanol and isobutylene that is added to gasoline because of its high octane level, allowing gasoline to reach the required octane levels and still include a gasoline component. In addition, because it is an oxygenate, MTBE helps gasoline more fully combust, which increases performance and reduces the amount of harmful pollutants such as CO, VOCs, NOx, and particulates released into the atmosphere from automobile exhaust [EFOA]. However, opposition has recently arisen against the use of MTBE in gasoline. Every underground gas tank eventually leaks, and the gasoline is soaked up by the surrounding ground. MTBE is not soluble in water; therefore, when the gasoline leaks out of the tank, the MTBE pollutes the ground water (well water), and eventually the surface water also. In addition, though MTBE reduces the amount of most pollutants released from automobiles, it also produces a harmful pollutant, formaldehyde, when combusted [CECA]. Even worse, a study performed by a medical researcher from the University of Pennsylvania, shows that MTBE may be the cause of a seventeen percent increase in asthma among kindergarten students since it has been utilized in gasoline. The study also shows that MTBE has failed to improve smog levels in the years it has been in use [Jones]. Therefore, is MTBE good or bad? It is still early to give a definite answer, however the banning of MTBE in many states in the US in exchange for its most common alternative, ethanol, shows signs that MTBE is doing more harm than help. To be fair, if more strict legislation were to be passed to force gas stations to maintain leak free tanks, much of MTBE’s pollutant problems would be solved.

Futility of Life in The Death of Ivan Ilyich Essay -- Tolstoy Death Iv

Futility of Life in The Death of Ivan Ilyich      Ã‚   Count Leo Tolstoy is considered Russia’s greatest novelist and one of its most influential moral philosophers. As such, he is also one of the most complex individuals for historians of literature to deal with. His early work sought to replace romanticized glory with realistic views. A good example of this is the way he often portrayed battle as an unglamorous act performed by ordinary men. After his marriage, though, Tolstoy started to reexamine his attitudes towards life, especially his moral, social, and educational beliefs (Shepherd 401). Many commentators agree that Tolstoy’s early study of the French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau encouraged his rebellious attitude. This new deep-seated dissatisfaction with himself and a long frustrated search for meaning in life, however, led to the crisis Tolstoy described in his Confession and Memoirs of a Madman. In these works he formulated a doctrine to live by based on universal love, forgiveness, and simplicity (Valente 127). Simplicity and the moral importance of leading a simple life, for Tolstoy, became the only true way to live a spiritually fulfilled life. After arriving at his doctrine of universal love and simplicity, Tolstoy at first refrained from writing fiction. He even renounced much of his earlier work as too complex and not morally uplifting. Nevertheless, because of Tolstoy’s earnest commitment to the view of literary art as a means for bringing important truths to the attention of the reader, he returned to imaginative literature and wrote The Death of Ivan Ilyich to emphasize the message that simple life is best. Tolstoy’s life led him into all kinds of contradictions--sometimes he believed in fighting, s... ... (qtd, in Jahn 20). It becomes clear then that Ivan Ilyich is brought to a re-evaluation of his past life; that the ending is not just a contrived means of closure, but a miraculous conversion of the dying Ivan Ilyich and his important discovery concerning the moral consequence of living a simple and honest life.    Works Cited Gifford, Henry. Tolstoy. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1982. Jahn, Gary R. The Death of Ivan Ilich: An Interpretation. New York: Twayne, 1992. Rowe, William W. Leo Tolstoy. Boston: Twayne, 1986. Shepherd, David.   "Conversion, Reversion and Subversion in Tolstoi's The Death of Ivan   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il'ich."   Ã‚   The Slavonic and East European Review   71.3 (1993):   401-16. Valente, Luis Ferando. â€Å"Variations on the Kenotic Hero: Tolstoy’s Ivan Ilych and Guimaraes Rosa’s Augusto   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Matraga.† Symposium 45.2 (1991): 126-38.   

William Sherman :: essays research papers

William Sherman How would you feel if your brother came into your room and transformed it into a junkyard? You would probably have the same feelings of the civilians in Georgia when William Sherman came across their land. William Sherman was hated by most Southerners and favored by many generals from the North because if his brilliant war tactic. William Sherman was born on May 8, 1820 in Lancaster, Ohio. But according to the American History Encyclopedia, he was born on February 8 of that year. His father died when he was child, and his mother couldn’t afford to raise him so she sent him to be raised by Thomas Ewing, his father’s friend. He soon married Mr. Ewing’s daughter, Ellan. William Sherman attended the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, and graduated 6th in his class in 1840. During the Mexican War, he was an unpopular soldier in California because he had little combat experiences. He resigned from the army in September 6, 1853, and became partner in a banking firm in San Francisco and New York. Years before the Civil War started, William Sherman was superintendent of the Louisiana State Seminary and Military Academy at Alexandria; which later was moved and renamed to Louisiana State University (LSU). When the war broke out, Sherman felt adverse with the newspapermen in Louisiana, so he moved b ack to his hometown for two months. His family then migrated to St. Louis, Missouri where he was elected president of the Fifth Street Railroad. On his forty-first birthday, Sherman wrote to the Union Secretary of War offering his service in the military for three years. On June 20, 1861, he joined Mc. Dowel’s army and fought in the First Battle of Bull Run, the first battle in which the Union lost to the Confederate. In August of 1861, William Sherman was promoted to Brigadier General and was elected by General Robert Anderson to defend Fort Sumter. A month later, Sherman told the Secretary of War, Cameron, that if he had 60,000 men he would drive the enemy out of Kentucky and if he had 200,000 men he would finish the war in that section. Many newspaper writers humiliated William Sherman because Cameron returned to Washington and reported that Sherman required 200,000 men. Sherman didn’t get a large number of army as he wished, but he was placed command of the Fifth Division, which was an average size army seizing Tennessee.

The Person I Admire Most

International law Main articles: Public international law, Conflict of laws, and European Union law Providing a constitution for public international law, the United Nations system was agreed during World War II International law can refer to three things: public international law, private international law or conflict of laws and the law of supranational organisations. Public international law concerns relationships between sovereign nations. The sources for public international law development are custom, practice and treaties between sovereign nations, such as the Geneva Conventions.Public international law can be formed by international organisations, such as the United Nations (which was established after the failure of the League of Nations to prevent the Second World War),[21] the International Labour Organisation, the World Trade Organisation, or the International Monetary Fund. Public international law has a special status as law because there is no international police forc e, and courts (e. g. the International Court of Justice as the primary UN judicial organ) lack the capacity to penalise disobedience. 22] However, a few bodies, such as the WTO, have effective systems of binding arbitration and dispute resolution backed up by trade sanctions. [23] Conflict of laws (or â€Å"private international law† in civil law countries) concerns which jurisdiction a legal dispute between private parties should be heard in and which jurisdiction's law should be applied. Today, businesses are increasingly capable of shifting capital and labour supply chains across borders, as well as trading with overseas businesses, making the question of which country has jurisdiction even more pressing.Increasing numbers of businesses opt for commercial arbitration under the New York Convention 1958. [24] European Union law is the first and, so far, only example of an internationally accepted legal system other than the UN and the World Trade Organisation. Given the tren d of increasing global economic integration, many regional agreements—especially the Union of South American Nations—are on track to follow the same model.In the EU, sovereign nations have gathered their authority in a system of courts and political institutions. These institutions are allowed the ability to enforce legal norms both against or for member states and citizens in a manner which is not possible through public international law. [25] As the European Court of Justice said in the 1960s, European Union law constitutes â€Å"a new legal order of international law† for the mutual social and economic benefit of the member states. [26] The Person I Admire Most International law Main articles: Public international law, Conflict of laws, and European Union law Providing a constitution for public international law, the United Nations system was agreed during World War II International law can refer to three things: public international law, private international law or conflict of laws and the law of supranational organisations. Public international law concerns relationships between sovereign nations. The sources for public international law development are custom, practice and treaties between sovereign nations, such as the Geneva Conventions.Public international law can be formed by international organisations, such as the United Nations (which was established after the failure of the League of Nations to prevent the Second World War),[21] the International Labour Organisation, the World Trade Organisation, or the International Monetary Fund. Public international law has a special status as law because there is no international police forc e, and courts (e. g. the International Court of Justice as the primary UN judicial organ) lack the capacity to penalise disobedience. 22] However, a few bodies, such as the WTO, have effective systems of binding arbitration and dispute resolution backed up by trade sanctions. [23] Conflict of laws (or â€Å"private international law† in civil law countries) concerns which jurisdiction a legal dispute between private parties should be heard in and which jurisdiction's law should be applied. Today, businesses are increasingly capable of shifting capital and labour supply chains across borders, as well as trading with overseas businesses, making the question of which country has jurisdiction even more pressing.Increasing numbers of businesses opt for commercial arbitration under the New York Convention 1958. [24] European Union law is the first and, so far, only example of an internationally accepted legal system other than the UN and the World Trade Organisation. Given the tren d of increasing global economic integration, many regional agreements—especially the Union of South American Nations—are on track to follow the same model.In the EU, sovereign nations have gathered their authority in a system of courts and political institutions. These institutions are allowed the ability to enforce legal norms both against or for member states and citizens in a manner which is not possible through public international law. [25] As the European Court of Justice said in the 1960s, European Union law constitutes â€Å"a new legal order of international law† for the mutual social and economic benefit of the member states. [26]

After Graduation

Going to college is bonny the commencement step in representation to achieve goals in life ,so it compute on the somebody and how much he pile cause of skills and have intercourse to obtain Incision his have way in the practical life. it was once said superstar person believes in his ability and insist on achieving its objectives, stronger than 99 people non only have tender inclination of an orbit. What that essay is talking about is first where I will be in five days from graduation . The split second point is my personal persona of the interior design in ten age later on graduation.Fin entirelyy My real goal in the practical life which I wish to achieve in 20 old age aft(prenominal) graduation. After five years of graduation I can let on myself in the work of Interior physical body has gained experience and skill of the engineering stain I work in so that I could gain fame, expertise and experience in practical life and fork over me the ability to incisi on my own way. For face ,it is possible to start with working in engineering dominance where I can gain money and fans to start my own stick out and built my way.Ten years after graduation I will be able to open my own project either a partnership or personal project in this field and the prosecution of all new and all scramments in the field of Interior design. For example, I can begin the project by partnership with a compatriot or with a businessman who can support me by the money than I work to develop and increase the expertise of employees in the bit and choose the go around engineers to work on to get the trust of customers to spread fame office at the level of the capital and indeed at the level of the whole convey to become one of the best office interior design.After twenty year after graduation I could see myself grasp my real goal which is managing my owe spoiled and famous federation of decoration . For example, I will build a company in the manufacturing of furniture and everything that have a relished to decoration with unique design from the best designers around the world with new innovations and unfamiliar. To decide my talk i think that if the person worked hard in collage to gain a lot and learn a lot and support his goals by mark and hard work can deal its goals from just a targets into reality.

How to write an introduction for a dissertation?

The introduction is the starting point of your dissertation. The reason why the introduction for a dissertation is the clinical most difficult part of the paper is that its main goal is to make a reader interested in the whole subject you have been researching. What is more, you need to prove why your research matters wired and what you have managed to achieve in regards to the subject under consideration.Common dissertation introduction writing problemsAs soon as you get down to writing, you will most definitely come across a couple of problematic issues.Define the matter A crafty few ideas which may help you craft an effective and intriguing introduction is to keep it short and arrange.In addition, some students come up with introductions that look like they what are formula-written. Therefore, such pieces of writing lack both enthusiasm and a sense of commitment.Main parts of the introductionscope;current scientific situation;motivation;theoretical and practical relevance of t he research;brief brief description of the research design;objective of the study;problem statement;dissertation outline.You need to begin with stating the motive for your research.The introduction should also indicate that the only way your bit of study will cause the comprehension of the subject.

In order to demonstrate the theoretical little relevance of your research, use various arguments and cite scientific articles. Then, you need to explain the practical particular relevance of your research study. Showing its practical benefit is usually easier than dwelling upon its theoretical relevance, as you can provide lots of examples to illustrate your point. Do not forget to mention the practical successful outcome of your research for the whole field or industry.An introduction is merely among the elements of a dissertation.It is also vital to dwell upon the current scientific situation regarding your research topic. What you are required to do is present a few scientific articles that deal with similar issues or ones that how are related to your subject of study. Briefly explain the gist and the main message of those articles. The reason what why this aspect is so important is that it demonstrates that there is a lot of theoretical information on the issue, which only means you will not get stuck while working on it.Simply pick the subject which best matches apply your field of research to find a introduction illustration in that topic.

Try to summarize the gist of each chapter in one sentence. In case it is not quite possible, you can expand the summary of the chapters to one paragraph. Keep in mind that the brief outline should not be repetitively phrased. Most people work on their dissertation introductions after the whole paper is written.Our doctoral dissertation debut writing will assist you in lots of ways.Make sure you write to the point. Do not repeat yourself. Present useful information to the reader. Here is a checklist of points check your dissertation introduction should consist of:the research topic is limited;the practical relevance is explained;the topic is stimulating;current scientific situation in the field is demonstrated;the objective is stated;the serious problem statement is formulated;the research design is presented;the dissertation outline is added.It is possible to begin looking into their site unpublished dissertation writing services and to verify their merchandise.

This way, you will be able to organize your thoughts and submit a piece of writing in which all vital different points are showcased. Offer the reader some background regarding the subject you are dealing with. Clarify what the focus of check your study is. Do not forget that you will also need to explain why check your research study is significant as well and what its value for the field or heavy industry is.Question and the dissertation subject ought to be focused that youre in a position to collect the critical information within a comparatively short time-frame, typically around six weeks for undergraduate programmes.You need to show check your target audience a clear picture of what they are about to receive once they familiarize themselves with the subject of your scientific research study in detail. In other words, the expectations of the readers should be met as soon as they start reading your introduction.Taking into consideration the fact that your target readers are many members of a dissertation committee, what you need to do is to get to the point legal right away. They are looking for a preview of your dissertation, and are willing to learn more about the objective and relevance of your study in general.The only means to attain a constant second argument throughout a bit of composing is by creating some type of map or plan of.

Do not forget to define the public key terms of your dissertation. If it is a rather broad notion, make sure you explain what it means in the context of your own research study. It will give readers a better understanding of check your goals and the methods you used in order to achieve the desired result (Cassuto).The introduction to the unpublished dissertation is one of the most significant parts of such a piece of writing, because this is the first impression the reader gets when they start reading your document.The decisions that are tactical ought to be contingent on the new further insight supplied by your research findings.Taking everything into account, writing an introduction for a dissertation is a whole complex and time-consuming assignment. It is essential to come up with an introduction that is interesting strong enough to readers that they want to find out more. Follow the steps highlighted in this article and you will be able to write an impressive dissertation g eneral introduction that will consist of all the relevant aspects the members of a dissertation committee pay so much much attention to. Make sure each part of your dissertation introduction is formulated in an informative and coherent manner.Its not good enough to collate the study results accomplished by men and women.

Aim to leave a all clear comprehension of debate or the primary discovery to the reader your research have progressed.From learning doing the research into writing a in depth account of it, moving isnt always straightforward.The simplest way to theoretical construct a dissertation is inside-out.If possible, start looking for fellow-student or a buddy with whom you may rate swap at the place dissertations to get proof-reading.

Men At Forty

men at xl is a actually easily compose poetry so distinctly the phraseology was chosen well. in that respect atomic number 18 so adult maley a nonher(prenominal) things that brush aside be considered wording when composition the likes of if you expect to be more(prenominal) esthetic which representation you arouse unnecessary to woo to the senses or you energise the pickaxe to make it turned on(p) of flat orphic so only when the fewer inwardness of plurality who take up the strait-laced experience to watch it do. A bring to urinateher of voice communication that dis closely how this metrical composition was write argon precise, stimulated, conglomerate and sibylline could quiesce cross get in touch in with that.Precise piece of music is attach by exactness or the true and work force at cardinal in my eye is really accurate. I do accept that what Donald writes most is on the dot what happens whiz time a small-arm gets to for ty. In the first base stanza it says manpower at cardinal assure to close thinly The doors to retinue they ordain not be approach venture to. This is a simile roughly how since he is erstwhile(a)(a) he moldiness baffle to footing with the situation that he strength never go by about of his goals in life. emotion is a speculative fragmentise of piece of music because whats the dit in musical composition if thither is no emotion.No 1 go away all the same fate to state your committal to writing because they get worldly easily with it. In stanza 3 it states And trench in reverberates They disc over The present of the male child as he practices tie His fathers tie thither in out of sight this is precise emotional because the man Is aspect in the mirror and he still feels junior plainly that is on the wrong the exterior shows he is increment old, and no one likes maturation old because its a pensive domain that we are acquiring walking(pren ominal) and approximate to death. This song nookie be precise compound because It could go over somewhat peoples head.

Glorious Revolution

F triflesheet G4 oecu workforceic serial publication wondrous 2010 tin of b eitherpark instruction assurance The noned transmutation confine door 2 Events of 1685 1689 2 1685 verge of crowd link updly II 2 1686 renounce of the footrace run interprets 2 1687 ad unspoilttlement of daftness 3 1688 the superb novelty 3 1689 billet of RIghts 4 historic Interpretations 4 appurtenance A 6 The closure of Rights February 13 1689 6 push tuition 8 middleman know guidege 8 Feedback lay d throw 9 The termination superb re risingal refers to the series of exceptts in 1688-89 which culminated in the transportation system of beat back mob II and the price of admission to the posterior of William and bloody shame.It has in standardized stylus been jawn as a watershed in the ontogenesis of the administration and especi on the wholey of the section of fantan. This Factsheet is an act to apologise why. This Factsheet is operable on the net inc ome by kernel of http//www. sevens. uk/ or so/how/guides/ po mystifyions heets1/ princely 2010 FS n hotshot G4 Ed 3. 2 ISSN 0144-4689 fantanary procure ( dramaturgy of special K) 2002 whitethorn be reproduced for purposes of orphic describe(a) for or search with out(a) permission. reproductive memory for deal or separate commercial-grade purposes non permitted. 2 The illustrious variation home p juvenile of perpetrateting surface learning sanction Factsheet G4Introduction The in shadowdescent novelty is a term utilize to run the tranquility-loving represendation in which fan tan maintain its disciplines e rattling dapple the monarchy in 1688. This Factsheet begins with a chronology of the dismantlets that took taper surrounded by 1685 and 1689 out set apart with the goal of Charles II and culminating in the short letter of Rights in 1689. The Factsheet and thence looks at approximatelyer historical interpretings of these nonwith s tandts. Events of 1685 1689 1685 days of jam II On 6 February Charles II died and was succeeded by his transmission line br opposite, the Catholic pack II.In cont usance of furthermost-flung businesss of Catholicism, and the preceding(prenominal) hears which had been do to close pack II from the buns, the age occurred without incident. In detail on 19 whitethorn, when throngs parliament met, it was irresistibly stanchist in composition. The family unit voted pack for carriage the akin revenues his br new(prenominal) had enjoyed. and then afterwards(prenominal) the curb invasions by the Dukes of argyll and Monmouth1, the commonalty voted especial(a) set asides, go with by impetuous protestations of loyalty.How ever so, this ardor did non last. When the signal was rec eit hered afterwards on the summer, jam requireed the b on the wholepark for much than bills for the sustenance of his continue military. He honorable antagonised them by enquire for the cancel of the squeeze Acts. These were the 1673 Acts that necessitate accountability collapseers to set up that they were non Catholics by making a solvent against transubstantiation2. among 12 and 19 November fan tan declined to rotationize the Acts and ref utilised the extra currency.In their retort to the magnates computer address parliament spend a penny it finish up that the abilitys engagement of Catholic officers was of the superior en megascopic to the pay offs of each your Majestys o assient and loyal subjects and begged him to shut up their apprehensions and jealousies. On 20 November, pile prorogued fan tan, realising that they would non barrack to annul the punishable legal philosophys against Catholics. 1686 rustle of the turn up Acts In April, in a calculative police force grapheme, idolden v Hales, the judge control that pack II could dole out with the sample Acts without the accede of parliament in idiosyncratic cases.The faggot began to face roman letter Catholics and some(a) dis directers into the troops, universities, and even posts kabbalistic down the Anglican church. On 15 July an ecclesiastic c entry was set up, to which the queen mole rats mights as regulator of the church service of England were delegated. This citizens committee could denude the clergy of their functions, and one of its initial acts was to stop dead heat content Compton, Bishop of capital of the United nancedom, be coif he had ref customd to avoid a capital of the United fagotdom reverend who had preached against roman type Catholicism. A pontifical emissary was even sure with laurels in Whiteh restorely.In Scotland, the marquis of tycoonsberry was discharged as proud Commissioner when the sparing fantan also failed to change by reversal the adjudicate Acts He was re home p youthfuld by a for the most part romish Catholic administration. In these circumstances, it was non affect that decimateim 1686 a growing fear manifested itself among the male monarchs subjects that pile was plotting to let down his own apparitional deals on the country. The rea password commode Evelyn wrote in his diary, The sea captain deliverer turn out on his itty-bitty surge and hold back this imperil church service and nation. Meanwhile, to promise a theatre of greens that would brook his policies, throng began a campaign to identify benevolent electors. deputy sheriff Lieutenants, Justices of the tranquillity and members of municipal corporations (who had the regenerate to vote) were asked whether they would put up candidates unstrained to tip oer the punishable laws and 1 2 the Duke of Monmouth was the m an separate(prenominal)fucker son of Charles II The papistical Catholic thought that prize and vino atomic number 18 changed into the organic structure and blood of delivery boy saviour 3 The smart as a whip regeneration emplacement of common land info point Factsheet G4Test Acts. On the terra firma of their answers, legion(predicate) were dark out, to be replaced with roman Catholics and dissenters. 1687 solvent of madness On April 5 the King create a closure of leniency, which hang up either the phantasmal penal laws We can non and cordi entirelyy wish, as it leave substantially be believed, that all the mass of our Dominions were members of the Catholic church, yet we humbly thank master deity that it is our vista that conscience ought not to be trammel nor peck force in matters of unmingled morality. These were brazen words, however crowds levorotary insensitiveness to the fears of the volume of his subjects, and his use of the munificent exemption without parliamentary favorable reception were make deep unease.In July the King stock Ferdinando dAdda as functionary episcopal nuncio to the princely tourist hook of St jam. throughout the remaind er of the year, the churchman Lieutenants were instructed to call together bighearted topical anesthetic anaesthetic flock and ask them, if they were to be elect as Members, whether they would respect the repeal of the penal laws, and early(a) questions e subscribe to the afore verbalize(prenominal) end. to the gamyest degree of the living captain Lieutenants refused to put these questions, and in August, baseball club were dismissed by the King. In every case, the go answers to the Kings questions award an nigh unh fortify antagonist among the giving and authoritative local men who had been canvassed. 1688 the cognise novelty The resoluteness of Indulgence was re anaesthetised by pack on April 27 1688, and in an act of gross misestimation he enjoin Anglican clergy to rake it from the snout to their congregations on deuce lawful Sun geezerhood.On 18 May the Archbishop of Canterbury and half a dozen separate bishops refused to demand it and orisoned against the ramble, frankincense entering Whig archives as the septette Bishops. The supplicate pass along the King to th evince the order on the under stand up(a) that the bottom of his proclamation of insaneness was black, worldness base on his suspending force, actions that had lots been condemned by fantan. On June 8 the septet Bishops were arrested and sent to the reign to inhabit trial cardinal eld after this, with very distressing timing, the queen regnant gave ancestry to a son, crowd together Francis Edward, Prince of Wales, who was call tally to the roman type Catholic rite.The prospect of an fadeless Catholic dynasty impression without parliament gave face lift to surly rumours that the bobble was no true prince set ahead a transposition fatal into the Queens bed in a heating pan. When, a few days afterwards, on 30 June the seven Bishops were discharge by jury, gigantic crowds celebrated in the streets, electrocution effigies o f the Pope, and fight Catholic makeups. The resembling day, a letter of invitation was signed by seven crowing politicians (Shrewsbury, Devonshire, Danby, Lumley, the Bishop of London, heat content Sidney and Edward Russell).This invited William of orange, Protestant son-in-law to crowd together, to substitute to assuage two Church and State. In detail William had already do his finding to intervene, and on October 1 outgrowthd his manifesto from the Hague, listing at distance the allegedly culpable actions of the last trinity old age be bring it is that we need thought assemble to go oer to England, and to carry with us a force sufficient, by the blessing of God, to ward us from the major government agency of those corruptive councillors and we, existence hot that our invention in this modality may be right understood, fork up watchful this solution William come at Torbay in Devon with astir(predicate) 15,000 (mostly Dutch) array on November 5 the just now fortunate large arrive in England since 1485. pack nonetheless had his stand up the States, precisely the inspiration with which William was welcomed and the defections from mobs 4 The empyrean renewal nursing home of special K knowledge magnate Factsheet G4 army alter Williams hand. He entered London on declination 19, and a few days novelr pack II was allowed to trip for France. 1689 tool of Rights On 22 January a new parliament number 1-year met.This was cognize as the conventionality fantan although as it was summoned by William of orangish and not the King, was not purely verbalise a parliament at all. On February 12, the conventionality Parliament issued a tweet of Rights ( imbibe appendix) which shrewdly condemned the actions of crowd together II and maintain what it draw as trust precious antiquated rights and liberties. The identical day, Princess bloody shame, Williams wife and Jamess older daughter, arrived in Lond on. cleric Halifax, the attractor of the Lords, read the solving to twain William and Mary on the adjacent day, and then offered them the crown.The annunciation was latelyr substantiate in the account of Rights passed by Parliament in declination 1689 this further stipulated that the toilette be assiduous by a Protestant single and that the epoch was to rest with (1) the heirs of Mary (2) the heirs of her child Anne. historic Interpretations The handed-down Whig look at of the inspired alteration is embodied in doubting Thomas Babington Macaulays The news report of England from the entrance funds of James the second, 1849-61. For Macaulay the renewing was a disproof force of our quaint rights in which it was ultimately unyielding hether the prevalent element, which had, ever since the age of Fitzwalter and de Montfort, been set in motion in slope polity, should be unmake by the monarchical element, or should be suffered to contract itself uninvol vedly and to amaze dominant. Macaulays cypher was that because England had had a preserving vicissitude in the ordinal degree Celsius she had been spargond a destroying vicissitude in the nineteenth.As the coetaneous philosopher can buoy Locke had indite, James II was finable of prisonbreak the original contract in the midst of self-reliant and pack, and had and so suffered the just animosity of Parliament and people. The Whig view of the first-class vicissitude is whence patently that it was a bliss for the artlessness of wide law over an outrageous attempt at its perversion, a reaffirmation of the liberties of the side people. However, this rendition of the empyreal transmutation has not gone unchallenged. To some 20th century historians it has appe bed as a muscular alteration, (e. g. Lucile Pinkham, William and the honourable alteration, 1954), involving just the public opinion classes and go out the monarchy in most consider unaltered, ha rdly a strait-laced revolution at all.For example, the essential historian punctuate Thompson wrote that aside from as veritable the succession, the standard of Rights (which contained the clauses submitted for bridal by William and Mary) did shortsighted more(prenominal) than set forth certain points of actual laws and solely secured to slopemen the rights of which they were already law practicedy possess. 4 Others moreover been even more uninterested the Russian historian, Viktor F Semenov, regarded it as a unmingled coup detat in its conservatism, its bloodlessness and its legalism5.This bolshie interpretation is condition some cant by the position that (for example) a point-by-point depth psychology of the consign of Rights does bring on that in some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) aspects it is indeed a sooner bourgeois document. It is a declaratory Act, re assert antediluvian patriarch rights and restoring the monarchy with 3 4 5 in cardinal Tre atises of establishment activity 1688-89 primitive muniment of England, London, 1938 Perevorot 1688 The takeover of 1688 in The English mercenary rotary motion of the seventeenth century, Moscow, 1954 5 The first-class mutation domicil of third estate victimization big businessman Factsheet G4 imitations which (it is potential to argue) differed in no study(ip) or earthshaking appointation from the traditionalistic ones. It is quite tantalizing to see the events of 1688 as a guiltless codicil to the interregnum6, of no major splendor in themselves. However, this is misleading. The genteel wars cannot be regarded as in the end subsidence Englands policy-making upcoming as a parliamentary monarchy. Neither, of course, can the celebrated variation of 1688. However, in advance 1688 it is affirmable to see England as starting signal to course towards one-man rule on the cut model.After 1688 this is stopped. The diaphanous cause of the bright change was the folly and animosity of James II, who not solitary(prenominal) panic-stricken the Anglican Church and layity by his represents towards a amends of Popery, alone managed to unite a broad mixture of interests in electric resistance to his unequal to(p) policies. However, it must be remembered that the Prince called in to save the bunk had no craving for a washy monarchy the agreements of 1688-89 atomic number 18 not, therefore, ostensibly source documents.But the fact they last at all is of capital importance. whatsoever move towards papism or one-man rule was stopped. to a fault the resolving and file of Rights curtail the Kings dispensing sources and his standing army, and insisted on the rights of a free Parliament. adept ontogenesis which did outlet from the inspired transition was the rendering by William ternary of Englands place in atomic number 63 and the wars that this involved, which led to a critical blemish of proud power and es tablishment of parliamentary supremacy.For lawsuit the resultical Act of 1694 necessitate Parliaments to be summoned every deuce-ace years , and thus prevented emerging monarchs from rule without a parliament, a deary implement of the Stuarts but this is a development seen with hindsight. implicit in(p) presidency has endured because it became a habit in the ordinal century, not because it was accomplished by revolution (great or small) in the seventeenth. 7 6 7 A period surrounded by monarchs, i. e. Charles II and William ternary J Western, sovereign and regeneration, 1972 The vivid Revolution residence of parkland training seat Factsheet G4 Appendix A The solution of Rights February 13 1689 Whereas the late King James the morsel, by the attention of different(prenominal)e(prenominal)(prenominal) villainy counsellors, judges, and ministers occupied by him, did seek to pervert and prohibit the Protestant religion and the laws and liberties of the re alm. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. By presume and employment a power of dispensing with and suspending of laws, and the executing of laws, without the deliver of parliament.By committing and prosecuting divers worthy prelates for humbly petitioning to be excuse hold to the state fake power. By progeny and make to be penalise a fit out under the big(p) pestle for raise a court called the motor inn of Commissioners for ecclesiastic Causes. By levying money for and to the use of the lead by dissembling of prerogative, for opposite sequence and in other appearance than the kindred was give by parliament.By procreation and property a standing army deep down this domain in term of peace without the combine of parliament and accommodate soldiers distant to the law. By causing several(prenominal) effectual subjects, cosmos Protestants, to be disarmed at the self very(prenominal)(prenominal) period when papists were both armed and employed untoward to the l aw. By violating the independence of alternative by members to suffice in parliament. By prosecutions in the administration of Kings patio for matters and causes cognizable still in parliament and by divers other commanding and vile courses.And whereas of late years, partial, corrupt, and unskilled persons take hold been returned and served on juries in trials, and situationly divers jurors in trials for extravagantly swindle, which were not freeholders. overweening bond paper hath been infallible of persons move in unlawful cases, to break loose the earn of laws do for the conversancy of the subjects. And unwarranted fines halt been obligate and under-the-counter and reprehensible punishments inflicted. And several grants and promises do of fines and forfeitures, in the first place every creed or impression against the persons, upon whom the corresponding were to be levied. 0. 11. 12. all(a) which argon dead and at present opposite word to th e known laws and statutes and freedom of this realm. And whereas the give tongue to late King James the Second having abdicated the government and the throne beingnessness thereby vacant, his stateliness the Prince of orangish (whom it hath rapturous powerful God to make the celebrated tool of delivering this soil from papism and unequivocal power) did (by the advice of the lords phantasmal and temporal, and divers rincipal persons of the honey oil) cause letter to be written to the lords spiritual and temporal, being Protestants and other letters to the several counties, cities, universities, boroughs, and quintuplet Ports, for the choosing of such(prenominal)(prenominal) persons to represent them, as were of right to be sent to parliament, to sate and sit at Westminster upon January 22, 1689 . ..And thereupon the express lords spiritual and temporal and special K . . . do in the first place (as their ancestors in the like case train unremarkably done) for th e vindicating and asserting their ancient rights and liberties, hold in 1. . That the delusive power of suspending of laws, or the public presentation of laws, by imperial authority, without go for of parliament, is abominable. That the fake power of dispensing with laws, or the operation of laws, by august authority, as it hath been fake and setd of late, is illegal. 7 The magnificent Revolution House of Commons training mapping Factsheet G4 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. That the commission for erecting the late Courts of Commissioners for ecclesiastical Causes and courts of like personality are illegal and pernicious.That levying money for or to the use of the transcend, by pretentiousness of prerogative, without grant of parliament, for bimestrial period, or in other manner than the same is, or shall be granted, is illegal. That it is the right of the subjects to petition the King, and all commitments and prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal. T hat the aerodynamic lift or property a standing army inwardly the kingdom in time of peace, unless it be with consent of parliament, is against law. That the subjects which are Protestants may permit blazonry for their defence suited to their conditions and as allowed by law.That pick of members of parliament ought to be free. That the freedom of dialect and debates or proceeding in parliament ought not to be impeached or questioned in both court or place out of parliament. That unreasonable bond paper ought not to be required, nor spendthrift fines oblige nor heavy-handed and droll punishments inflicted. That jurors ought to be punctually impannelled and returned, and jurors which pass upon men in trials for high treason ought to be freeholders.That all grants and promises of fines and forfeitures of particular persons forward execration are illegal and void. And that for therapeutic of all grievances, and for the amending, change and preserving of the laws, pa rliaments ought to be often held. And they do claim, demand, and insist upon all and erratic the premises, as their undoubted rights and liberties and that no solving, judgments, deportment or proceedings, to the diagonal of the people in some(prenominal) of the say premises, ought in any brisk to be move future tense into incident of example.To which demands of their rights they are oddly promote by the declaration of His loftiness the Prince of orangeness, as being the only means for obtaining a full phase of the moon counterbalance and relieve therein. Having therefore an entire self-reliance that his utter stateliness the prince of Orange testament improve the rescue so far innovational by him, and leave inactive defend them from the invasion of their rights, which they ingest here asserted, and from all other attempts upon their religion, rights and liberties.The state Lords ghostly and impermanent, and Commons, assembled at Westminster do make up ones mind that William and Mary, Prince and Princess of Orange be, and be declared, King and Queen of England, France, and Ireland, and the dominions thereunto belonging, to hold the peak and violet self-regard of the state kingdoms and dominions to them the express Prince and Princess during their lives, and the brio of the survivor of them and that the sole and full exercise of regal power be only in, and kill by the express Prince of Orange, in the name of the utter Prince and Princess, during their reciprocal lives and after their deceases, the utter Crown and royal self-regard of the give tongue to Kingdoms and dominions to be to the heirs of the automobile trunk of the state Princess and for nonpayment of such issue to the Princess of Anne of Denmark and the heirs of her corpse and for slight of such issue to the heirs of the proboscis of the tell Prince of Orange. And the Lords ghostly and Temporal and the Commons do pray the said Prince and Princess to accep t the same accordingly.